仕組みと動作原理
NPV関数はExcel業務を効率化する代表的な関数です。Calculates the net present value of an investment using a discount rate. 複雑な集計や参照処理を簡素化し、データ分析の精度と生産性を飛躍的に高めます。
構文.
標準Excel表記法=NPV(rate, value1, [value2], ...)引数一覧.
この関数で指定できるすべての引数について詳しく解説します。
The discount rate per period.
指定例:0.10Range of future cash flows starting at Year 1.
指定例:B2:B5具体的な計算例
ステップ別の実務シナリオCapital Budgeting - Net Present Value
Evaluate future discounted returns from capital equipment.
| Year | Cash Inflow | Net Present Value |
|---|---|---|
| Year 1 | 1000 | — |
| Year 2 | 2000 | — |
| Year 3 | 3000 | — |
=NPV(0.10, B2:B4)Evaluates NPV over the sample table cells, placing the verified output in cell C2.
数式ジェネレーター
ウィザードを開く引数を入力するだけで、シートにそのまま貼り付けて使える数式を作成できます。
=NPV()出力される値の特性
Returns number 4921.11 based on sample evaluation criteria and active cell references.
実務上のベストプラクティス
- Initial Year 0 investment must be added outside the formula: =NPV(rate, Year1:YearN) + Year0.
よくあるミスと注意点
- Do not include the initial Year 0 cash outflow inside the NPV function range.
各プラットフォーム対応表
実際のExcelおよびGoogleスプレッドシートの計算エンジン仕様に基づいた検証結果です。
Core standard function supported across all modern and legacy Microsoft Excel versions (365, 2021, 2019, 2016, 2013, 2010), as well as Excel for the Web and Mac.
100% compatible with Google Sheets. Uses identical argument order, data types, and standard calculation logic.
よくある質問と回答
技術解説Can I use NPV across different worksheets in Excel?↓
Yes. You can reference cells located on other sheets by including the sheet name followed by an exclamation mark, for example: =NPV(Sheet2!A2:A10). If the sheet name contains spaces, enclose it in single quotes: ='Q1 Report'!A2:A10.
What is the most common reason for errors in NPV?↓
Do not include the initial Year 0 cash outflow inside the NPV function range.
Does NPV work identically in Google Sheets?↓
Yes, NPV is supported in both Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets with standard evaluation behavior.